Puppy or adult? Purebred or mongrel? Male or female? To make sure you get the perfect dog for you, you need to do your homework. Starting here...

Choosing the right dog for you and your lifestyle is important for both of you. A dog may well be an integral part of your life for 10 years or more, so for both of you to get the most out of your relationship it's crucial that you weigh up all the options carefully.

There are over 180 breeds recognised in New Zealand alone, plus an almost infinite variety of adorable crossbreeds and mixed breeds. The development of dog breeds for specific purposes has led to more variations than any other species - just look at the gigantic Great Dane and the tiny Chihuahua.

The major advantage of choosing a pedigree (pure bred) dog is predictability. You can be fairly certain that you will get predetermined size, coat length and texture, character, energy level and susceptibility to illness. 

To a lesser extent, cross-breeds (parents from two different pure breeds) are predictable, too, although you can't be sure which breed will be dominant. For example, a Border Collie-Labrador cross could be either laidback or brimming with energy.

Mixed breeds (otherwise known as mongrels) come from an entirely non-pedigree background. With some dogs you can see a few hints as to the parentage, while with others it's impossible to guess. Some people consider this an advantage as they want to own a dog that is a one of a kind. Genetically, mixed breeds are healthier, since they have a larger gene pool and fewer hereditary problems.

Most people find puppies irresistible, but they may not be the ideal choice for everyone. So adopting a homeless 'teenage' or adult dog may be a good alternative.

Puppies are adorable and you can ensure your puppy is raised in a loving and kind home. You can also train them to focus on what is important to you. But they can be very time-consuming in the early days, with frequent trips outside for toilet training and constant vigilance to ensure your favourite possessions don't end up as chew toys.

Homeless adult dogs can make exceptional pets and will often come with a good deal of training and socialisation. However, it is important to consider that adult dogs can often come with 'emotional baggage', and time and patience may be required to overcome timidity, mild aggression or other difficulties.

There's significant difference of opinion when it comes to the sex of the dog. Some swear that bitches are easier to train and tend to be more loving, while others argue that females are more independent and aloof. Males, meanwhile, are said to be more aggressive, but neutering can dramatically change their nature.

Un-neutered dogs of both sexes can always present problems: males can wander off in search of females in season; females may have phantom pregnancies and can be difficult to manage during their season. The cost of desexing a female is much greater than for neutering a male - and greater still if she is already pregnant.

It's best to be guided by the breeder or a vet or professional trainer as to whether a male or female is best for you and your lifestyle.

If your heart is set on a pedigree or cross-bred puppy, a reputable breeder is your best bet. A breed club may have a list of litters available, or can put you in contact with reputable breeders in your area.

Taking a dog from an animal shelter or larger welfare organisation can be incredibly rewarding. There are thousands of dogs waiting for a second chance in life as a pet, often having lost a home with their first owners through no fault of their own. Reputable centres carefully assess the dogs they take in and will help match the best canine personality to you and your lifestyle. For more information, click here.